What is the meaning of parametrization in SQL?

Parametrization in SQL refers to the practice of using variables in query execution to substitute for literal values. This allows for more dynamic and secure queries, as it can help prevent SQL injection attacks by ensuring that user input is treated as data rather than executable code. When queries are parameterized, the database can easily recognize and manage user inputs, improving the overall safety and efficiency of data retrieval.

By leveraging parameters, developers can create reusable and maintainable queries without hardcoding values. This approach not only enhances security but also allows for better performance by enabling query plan reuse.

In contrast, using predefined SQL templates involves a static method of developing queries that doesn’t adjust based on user input. Utilizing columns for grouping data refers to functions like GROUP BY, which organizes results but doesn't imply using variables. Creating indexes is related to performance optimization but does not involve the concept of parametrization directly. Understanding parametrization is essential for writing queries that are both secure and efficient.